Sains Malaysiana 53(10)(2024): 3535-3543

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5310-25

Predictive Factors for Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from Complete Blood Count Analysis

(Faktor Ramalan untuk Diabetes Melitus: Suatu Pandangan daripada Analisis Kiraan Darah Lengkap)

AGNES AYANG KENYANG^1,2, NURLIYANA JUHAN^3,*, YONG ZULINA ZUBAIRI⁴, NORNAZIRAH AZIZAN⁵ & HO CHONG MUN¹

¹Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia 

²College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

³Preparatory Centre for Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia 

⁴Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

⁵Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 4 April 2024/Diterima: 19 Ogos 2024

Abstract

The 10th edition of the International Diabetes Federation reports that 537 million people worldwide had diabetes in 2021. In Southeast Asia, countries like Malaysia are facing a growing burden of diabetes. This highlights the urgent need for innovative and resourceful approaches to diabetes management. As the prevalence of diabetes continues to rise in these countries, tailored strategies are necessary. To identify and evaluate the potential prognostic indicators for diabetes mellitus, this study involved a dataset consisting of 500 entries, comprising demographic information and selected blood cells from the Complete Blood Count (CBC) test results obtained from the Clinical Laboratory Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, the prognostic predictors for diabetes mellitus were identified. In the univariate analysis, all variables are statistically significance at 5% level of significance. However, at multivariate analysis, only age, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cells (WBC) and hematocrit (HCT) emerged as significant predictors of diabetes mellitus. Notably, the abnormal level in WBC exhibited the greatest association with diabetes mellitus, reflecting a 114.7% increased risk compared to a normal WBC level. The statistic value obtained from Hosmer-Lemeshow was 0.944 indicating a well-fitting model. Additionally, the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve has a value of 0.7, indicating a strong performance of the model. In conclusion, CBC parameters can be accurate markers and useful in assisting clinical decision-making when properly applied and interpreted.

Keywords: Complete Blood Count (CBC); diabetes mellitus; prognosis; regression analysis

Abstrak

Edisi ke-10 International Diabetes Federation melaporkan bahawa 537 juta orang di seluruh dunia menghidap diabetes pada tahun 2021. Di Asia Tenggara, negara seperti Malaysia menghadapi beban diabetes yang semakin meningkat. Kadar peningkatan ini telah mendorong kepada keperluan untuk merangka strategi yang inovatif dan berkebolehan bagi mengawal diabetes. Untuk mengenal pasti dan menilai penunjuk prognostik yang berpotensi untuk diabetes melitus, kajian ini melibatkan set data yang terdiri daripada 500 entri meliputi maklumat demografi dan sel darah terpilih daripada keputusan ujian Kiraan Darah Lengkap (CBC) yang diperoleh daripada Makmal Klinikal Fakulti Perubatan & Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Analisis regresi logistik di peringkat univariat dan multivariat telah dilaksanakan untuk mengenal pasti pemboleh ubah yang berpotensi untuk menjadi peramal prognostik untuk diabetes melitus. Dalam analisis univariat, semua pemboleh ubah adalah signifikan pada aras keertian 5%.  Walau bagaimanapun, pada analisis di peringkat multivariat, hanya umur, purata kepekatan hemoglobin korpuskular (MCHC), sel darah putih (WBC) dan hematokrit (HCT) muncul sebagai peramal penting diabetes melitus. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan tahap abnormal dalam sel darah putih menunjukkan perkaitan yang paling besar dengan diabetes melitus, mencerminkan peningkatan risiko 114.7% berbanding tahap normal sel darah putih. Ukuran kesesuaian dan diskriminasi yang baik diperoleh daripada nilai Hosmer-Lemeshow dan graf Penerima Ciri Operasi (ROC) masing-masing ialah 0.944 dan 0.7. Pemboleh ubah di dalam CBC boleh menjadi penanda aras yang tepat dan berguna bagi membantu membuat keputusan klinikal sekiranya digunakan dan ditafsirkan dengan cara yang betul.

Kata kunci: Analisis regresi; diabetes melitus; Kiraan Darah Lengkap (CBC); prognosis

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat: liyana87@ums.edu.my